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1 ) Notes
E01
哥特式的科隆圣彼得大教堂，来自1BC古罗马人入侵德国地区时对大片高耸原始森林的印象（歌德），教堂里扭曲精致的塑像则是森林里的生灵；
中世纪德国=城邦、州郡、封底，属于西班牙奥地利王室，后者归顺圣罗马帝国；
德国文化的外部来源伴随商贸经济；
画中的恶魔比圣人更神情生动，中世纪的德国离地狱很近很近。代表艺术家格林瓦尔德，哥特式+文艺复兴式（端庄典雅）；丢勒（忧郁坚定的自画像），新世界和旧世界之间的人；里门施耐德，椴木雕塑家，把16C宗教木雕变成忏悔仪式的3D引导环境；
宗教改革的过程也是建国过程，路德派在政教合一的情况下，从罗马天主教廷分裂；然后路德派分裂了德国，却没有完成统一；17C德国大地30年的战争的斗争中心是宗教信仰，战争结束后统治者却还没有实权。
18C，茨威格宫殿，奥古斯都大帝建造，巴洛克风格（refer to 绿穹顶博物馆）；启蒙运动的同时，德国在进行狂飙突进运动，席勒、歌德、海顿，以及皱脸雕塑的梅塞施密特。
What an uncertain future it is.
E02
路德维希一世统一德意志，建造瓦尔哈拉殿堂，灵感来源于英灵圣殿；
19C初拿破仑一世征德国兵攻俄，激发人民对统一的渴求，在浪漫主义的驱使下诉诸自然与大地，代表人物1龙格（汉堡，画儿童来表达对社会的担忧），代表人物2弗里德里希（《云海漫游者》，新勃兰登堡，每个人都应在自然中寻找自己的上帝，新教）；
柏林普鲁士战争纪念碑，1821年威廉三世建造以庆祝拿破仑战败，看似哥特实为现代建筑，代表着普鲁士统一德国的决心；德国统一后的第一位皇帝威廉一世，君主立宪，消费主义，军事野心，爱国主义，代表画家门采尔（写实主义，建造铁路的炼狱景象）；
瓦格纳歌剧《指环》是神话版门采尔轧钢厂，路德维希二世1868年到1886年建造巴伐利亚山上的新天鹅堡，堡中画作呈现瓦格纳的《指环》，他躲在城堡里沉浸在君权神授、绝对权力的空想里，而同时普鲁士吞并了巴伐利亚，1871年德国建国；
20C，经济腾飞，工人群体膨胀，科技进步（制造业），工会制和学徒制发达（源自中世纪），民族主义，爱国情绪，现代主义，强大国家，工人生活条件恶化，贫民窟出现，代表画家珂勒惠支（桥派），被威廉二世所嫌弃；
一战画作，表现战争残酷，另一些画作（马尔科）在前线完成但表现了自然的圣洁，德国最后一位伟大的浪漫主义画家；
E03
20C中期，德意志第三帝国总理希特勒，主导了德国20C的艺术。1919-1933年德国实行民主制，魏玛共和国，达达主义，新客观主义，代表画家迪克斯；
包豪斯，极简主义建筑师；
桑德，客观主义摄影师；
2 ) 8:00左右那些表现German lands的插画
http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/German-School-15th-century/View-of-the-town-of-Nuremberg-from-the-Nuremberg-Chronicle-by-Hartmann-Schedel-1440-1514-1493-colou/
不过我其实是花了100多RMB买了那本全是文字的A Mighty Fortress之后才在封底的小字里找到线索的⋯⋯ http://book.douban.com/subject/2431214/
搜索能力还有待提高T__T
3 ) 笔记：德国艺术里的森林启示录
Episode 1: A Divided Land
German art reveals the complexity of German character. passion and precision, exact craftmanship and the impulsive gesture, a love of nature and a love of the machine, a need for escape and desire for control. dark story, humanity and renewal. 德国性格的复杂性：激情与严谨，精细与冲动，爱自然也爱机器，对控制的逃避与渴望 (对自由的捍卫与寻求理性的束缚)，黑历史里的人性与复兴 /想起一本书《德意志之魂》
Forestry in German Art The forest is the central image for many pieces of German art. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe believes German Gothic cathedrals encapsulate the essence of the forest. a sublimely towering tree of god, with its thousand branches and millions of twigs. 歌德认为日耳曼的哥特教堂封装着森林的精华
Cologne Cathedral, Cathedral of St. Peter 1248-1560, 1842-1880 Konrad von Hochstaden (1205-1261) pulls in the opposing directions, schizophrenic, contradictory. feels like it hasn't been build. it just grown. Hanseatic league, commerce, ideas from beyond its borders, many far flung influences to be absorbed and transformed. 科隆大教堂 /看完很久才想起来我去过，但是很明显太多细节都没看到。懊恼无知让我对丰富多样的表达视而不见，略感庆幸胆子足够大让我发现自己的无知，脸皮足够厚可以忍受自己的无知，无休止的追问与好奇心引领我走出无知，也许是走向下一个无知。但是无知与自知无知还是不一样。也幸好，无知的人还是有感知的，同样是高耸，仰望科隆大教堂的感觉和仰望帝国大厦的感觉很不一样。
Alte(old) Pinakothek(pinax-painted board tablet, theke-box chest) gallery in Munich 1836- crispy painted draperies, porcelain faces. no one does ghouls(gul,arabic) better than the Germans. legends of St. Anthony. the artist makes devils, demons, seem more real, more flesh and blood than ordinary human beings. grace and refinement of renaissance vs. superstitions of the Middle ages. black death, bubonic plague, famine. 画妖怪德国人最在行了
Matthias Grünewald (1470-1528) Colmar, Alsatian town The Isenheim Altarpiece, 1515 cryptic, sllipery 神秘的狡黠的表情
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) wide, sad eyes. 忧伤的大眼睛 Graphische Sammlung in Munich expressing human emotion, cramming images full of feeling. the trees and roots, agonized form, as if nature itself is screaming out at the moment entombment. expressionistic language for art, northern europe art. 在图像中表达充沛的情感，树木与根扭曲痛苦的形式就好像大自然也在耶稣下葬的时候哀嚎，北部欧洲最早的表现性艺术语言
Tilman Riemenschneider (1460-1531) Grosslangheim, Bavarian countryside, Antoniuskapelle style, subject, material. 风格 主题 材料 limewood tree sculpture 椴木木雕 Rothenburg ob der Tauber (red castle above the Tauber), Franconia region of Bavaria, St. Jakobskirche houses "Holy Blood Altar" co-opted /互动体验 Wallfahrtskirche Maria im Weingarten, Volkach Beguines (Lambert le Begue, the stammerer 结巴, 12th Belgium) "Madonna of the Rosary" 1521 work with light 木雕与光影
Lucas Cranach (1472-1553) Wittenberg, Luther's protestations, city church "Reformation Altar Piece" slightly cold, distant, calculated picture /有点冷淡 疏离 匠气，这个描述和我对希特勒的画的观感类似，只是希特勒的画更有一种退缩 隔绝 非人性的感觉 superstition past vs. faith and reason 妖魔鬼怪迷信的中世纪应该被信仰和理性取代 "The Vineyard." Cranach the younger
Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538) "The Battle of Issus" Alexander the great defeat the Persians 借古喻今的预言 abstract, whirlpools 近似抽象形式 漩涡 prophetic artwork, thirty years' war, 1618-1648
Johann Melchior Dinglinger (1664-1731) Dresden, Baroque Zwinger, 1710-, flamboyant Augustus the strong Grünes Gewölbe (the Green Vault), 1723 Wunderkammer (cabinets of wonder/curiosities) Mogul Arungzeb (1618-1707) /同为“蛮族” 蒙古人与日耳曼人的区别
Franz Xaver Messerschmidt (1736-1783) Vienna, Belvedere Palace the Enlightment, Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) 启蒙运动 风暴与压力 (狂飙突进) disenchantment reflected by: anguished poetry of Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805) tempestuous writings of Goethe (1749-1832) simmering temsions of Haydn (1732-1809) spurned(scorn, reject) by the court grimacing(grimazo-caricature, grima-fright) character bronze and stone sculpture Friedrich Nocolai (1733-1811, writer and bookseller) attempt to externalise the demon, exorcise it. beneath the still surface of the public self, lurk unofficial desires and fears. dicontent and desire for change. 不满与要求变革的时代 /physiognomy 面相学；对黑魔法的兴趣；那时从工匠开始随阅历见识悟性增长渐入艺术创作
microcosm (mikro kosmos), austere (austeros-severe), sinuous (sinus-a bend), raucous (hoarse), fiefdom, Bartholomew, brocade(brocco-twisted thread), dermatological (derma-skin), livid (bluish) green, beset, smoulder, pillage (plunder), piety (devotion), pathos (suffer), emaciate (ex, macies-leanness), belt clasp, dupe (hoopoes), plethora (plethein-be full), teeter (titra-shake), surrogate (super, rogare-ask), Mogul (mongol), minor arts (jewelry, miniature, textiles, pottery)
Episode 2: Dream and Machine
Walhalla 瓦尔哈拉纪念堂 , 1807, Ludwig I, 1830-1842 Donaustauf, east of Regensburg, Bavaria. ancient Germanic (Gothic, Vandal, Lombardic, Anglo-Saxon), medieval Dutch, Swedish and Russian. /欧洲西北角的这帮家伙，向西与岛国凯尔特人，向南与高卢凯尔特人，向东与斯拉夫人，越过阿尔卑斯山与地中海人，征战与融合，我猜如果他们只自信坚持自身特色再开几个奥丁学院估计早就灭亡了，但却没有，他们既吸收了拉丁文化，包括最基础的字母以及后来的天主教，也可以反对以及变革所引进的宗教，结果是一步步解放人性，开启自己的文明之旅。有直视战争瘟疫饥荒各种灾难的勇气，探索，吸纳，革新，保有根性的同时自由延展。想象一下，如果两千年前的人类都守着自己的地盘，现在会是什么样。也许我们需要一场文化复兴，重拾春秋战国时代以及民国时期的精神，百家争鸣，兼容并包，才可能在自身走向繁荣的同时，为人类贡献关键文明，如同两千年前一样。
Where could they find the sense of value to bring them together? Where could they find a source of strength to counter their weakness? Fuelled by the ideals of the Romantics generation, they looked to their land. They turned to nature. Some looked to the beauty and spirit of the natural world, which became the lifeblood of the Romantic imagination and inspired a painting tradition which took German art to new peaks. Others sought to harness the forces within nature through science and technology, to make Germany strong. /浪漫主义背景下的自然风景(spirit of nature), 科学技术探索(laws of the material nature)
Phillipp Otto Runge (1777-1810) children-nature, William Wordsworth(1770-1850) 将孩童与自然相关联
Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) Greifswald, Pommersches Landesmuseum Neubrandenburg, his parents' hometown "The Monk by the Sea" "Abbey in the Oakwood" Friedrich believed it up to every man to find the god for himself, in nature. To him, the beauty and variety of the natural world was another form of god's word. 自然界的优美与多样是上帝之言的另一种形式 ruins-sky 废墟-天空 /物质世界与精神 ship, symbol of journy of man 船 旅人的标志 pondering, man's insignificance before the vastness of the cosmos 沉思 在浩瀚宇宙里人的微不足道
/查瓦尔哈拉纪念堂时发现卡斯帕·弗里德里希的这幅画，为自由而战的英雄之墓或阿米尼乌斯(Arminius 17bc – 21ad)之墓，怎么看这么眼熟，难道是用了披麻皴点苔法
好像是。但是同为风景画这差别真是太大了。弗里德里希的海边的修士和董源的夏景山口待渡图里人都很小，相对自然来说是极其渺小的存在，只是修士面对着的自然庞大无边并且有压迫感，修士在沉思，而渔夫行走其中的自然却是宁静深远似乎与其融为一体，渔夫可能只想着今天捉了几条鱼做个什么汤
怎么，我们就不沉思的吗。当然不会，马远兄就总是面对一片苍茫在思考着什么。但还是不一样，如果说修士思考的是信仰，是人类与自然的关系，马远在想的可能是家国天下事，再拔高一点，诗意，只是几点花苞和飞鸟还是多少暴露了小清新的味道，而且，触袖野花多自舞，避人幽鸟不成啼，宋宁宗的两句题诗更是让哲思的可能荡然无存
世俗与信仰，无意对这些差别做价值判断，只是觉得我们需要尝试体验和理解各种不同，对，多重宇宙，而不是固执于自身的某种框架。
骷髅也是一个很大的差别，欧洲绘画里的骷髅不要太多，有些是战争里的遗骸(戈雅，奥托迪克斯)，有些代表死神(勃鲁盖尔，死神与少女系)，有些象征时间或永恒(丢勒，荷尔拜因，memento mori系静物画)，还有各种不可言喻(梵高，恩索尔)，但是翻遍中国画，可能也只有一幅南宋李嵩的骷髅幻戏图
同样，不大会启发关于永恒或信仰的思考，但是在世俗嬉戏之外，好像有一层对生死的思考，比永乐宫墙上王道长提着的那副骷髅图还是严肃多了。我看道教就是把老子庄子的思考迷信化了，否则也不会总想着长生不死，庄子可不这么看
庄子外篇至乐里有这样一段，庄先生的妻子死了，朋友去看他的时候，他没在哭反而敲着盆唱歌，朋友说你这也太过分了，庄子说我当然会感到伤心，但是，
察其始而本無生，非徒無生也，而本無形，非徒無形也，而本無氣。雜乎芒芴之間，變而有氣，氣變而有形，形變而有生，今又變而之死，是相與為春秋冬夏四時行也。
嗯，这个宇宙观很前卫，所以也就不难理解庄先生去楚国时看到一个骷髅就拿过来当枕头，呃，枕头，又回归了世俗
哎呀不扯了
Adolph Menzel (1815-1905) German cut off from the nature, shackled to the false gods of science and the machine. 工业革命 Wagner (believed he can not change this evil world) use his art into a apace of transcendent dream and myth. 瓦格纳超脱现实的梦想与神话 /托尔金的指环王灵感来源
Kathe Kollwitz (1867-1945) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) Otto Dix (1891-1969) Franz Marc (1880-1916) he manages to combine an abstract language with a figurative language 抽象语言与具象语言的融合 forms that suggest elemental energy and nature 暗示基本能量与自然的形式
That is a beautiful drawing. Wow, this is .. something.
Episode 3: In the Shadow of Hitler
Arno Breker (1900-1991) Otto Dix (1891-1969) George Grosz (1893-1959)
Adolph Hitler (1889-1945) remarkbly unremarkable sick version of the visionary artist /退缩，疏离，淡漠，既缺少人类性情，也缺少理性的构建。记得有人提到过他收藏有希特勒的水彩画，我猜如果从文物的角度来看，也许有价值，如果是艺术角度，也可能是负价值。 Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) "The sinister artist whose materials are men." The man who was obsessed with building a thousand-year future, brought immeasurable destruction down on the cities of his own country. 一个执念于千年大计的人为他自己国家的城市带来无法估量的毁灭
Bauhaus School (1919-1932) one of the **sacred groves** of mordern movement,
August Sander (1876-1964) In the city of Cologne and the countryside around, he began a quest to record, describe and document a certain kind of truth. 记录真实 August Sander asked himself a question - "Wer sind die Deutschen?" Who are the Germans? 德国人是谁 Sanders subjects meet the cameta's gaze directly, often posing for up to seven seconds. Something happens in that space of time, a very particular capturing of humanity. 人性的捕捉 he was interest in types, categories, but what shines through in every portrait is individuality. 他对类型学感兴趣，但是闪耀在每张肖像里的是个性 the drive under the project, a mosaic, to show that there were different forces, different energies in society. all these society parts are living side by side. 马赛克，展示社会中不同的力量不同的能量，并且彼此共存。 "Face of Our Time" everybody had a place in his society, everyone was an individual. 每一个人在社会中都有一个位置
Haus der Deutschen Kunst Adolf Wissel (1894-1973) smuggled this Trojan horse of a painting right into the Nazi citadel. 特洛伊木马 hitler bizarrely blind to its nuances. lost, melancholy. he has no sense of human empathy 希特勒因没有人类同理心而意识不到画中微妙的失落和忧郁 /我倒觉得在此之外他的自卑悲观和绝望让他选择这幅画
Die Ausstellung Entartete Kunst (Degenerate art) (1937) Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major, Romantic 安东·布鲁克纳的E♭大调第4号交响曲 浪漫
Yves Klein (1928-1962) Gelsenkirchen, art therapy interior space 克莱因蓝在室内空间的疗愈感
Georg Baselitz (1938-) hero paintings, remember what happened in Germany The Big Night in a Bucket (Die große Nacht im Eimer) 1962-1963 水桶里的大夜晚 this horrible little grotesque inflicting his sick weird masturbatory fantasies on the entire world. 将自己的变态欲望与妄想施加于整个世界 you allowed this to happen. 似乎在质问观者，是你允许这一切发生的
Bernd Becher (1931-2007) & Hilla Becher (1934-2015) confrontation is not the only way of remembering. there are other strategies. 对抗不是铭记的唯一方式 subject matter is the industrial past of the late 19th century, presentation and approach is reminiscent of August Sander's great project. 主题 表达与方法 some national mentality in these unassuming structures. 在这些朴实的结构里蕴含着某种民族精神 winding tower, concrete, without scaffolding, French, wheels, England, monumentality, Germany, thought about eternity, 矿井提升绞车塔：无框架混凝土，法式；轮子，英式；纪念塔，德式，思考永恒。 these objects are very thoughtful in the visual sense. there is a lot to discover and you are surprised yourself what you see and what you find. If you look closer, it's like a kind of universe. 仔细看，这里是一种宇宙 history, it changes all the time. 随时间变化 right after the war, nobody wanted to remember anything. 战争之后没人愿意记忆(所发生的)一切 blast furnace, iron-steel-bombs 冶炼炉
Joseph Beuys (1921-1986) remember, recover from its trauma 记忆，从创伤中恢复 everyone is an artist. /每一个人都面对宇宙 emblematic objects lie open to the interpretation of the viewer. Beuys always leaves room for our imagination. 博伊斯将阐释留给观者，为观者留出想象空间 cold war, warm sculpture. 冷战中的温暖雕塑 Beuys mobile, battered VW camper van, smeared and smudged windows, rust-stained flanks. 残破的大众野营车，污浊模糊的车窗，锈迹斑斑的车身 nurturing side of ourselves. 我们人类所持有的养育呵护的一面 all we need is love. 爱是我们需要的一切
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas) 2004 consistently campaigned against forgetting. 不可遗忘 wound of Nazism, the other wound of terror regime to the East. /即使在谷歌地图上看也挺震撼的
checkpoint alpha 东德检查站 α banality(compulsory, banal, ban, common to all) of a regime of terror. 专政恐怖的日常性 you must meditate on this. freedom of expression, freedom of thought, freedom.
Tacheles (Yiddish, straight talking), a berlin famous squat /一处被艺术创作者占领的废弃建筑，自由，充满活力，但也有点流于表面的感觉，貌似安大叔在这里心情有点复杂，以康定斯基的神秘性与一位被访谈人建立起联系
Beuys' 7,000 Oaks 七千棵橡树 freedom vs. responsibility Goethe's comparison of a Gothic cathedral to a spreading oak tree. The oak was a symbol of mythic power to Beuys, too. he link it to the social. a vast, living organism in constant need of nurture. Kassel 市 a pillar of basalt (mafic: magnesium+ferric extrusive rock) stone 玄武岩方石块 a city turned to art. 一座城市因此成为艺术 no civilisation can thrive unless it exists in harmony with the world. 只有与世界和谐共存的文明才能繁衍生息
basket case, blistered mirror, skat player, cut their teeth, obscene prosthesis, prussian fencing fraternity, isenheim alterpiece, pandered to lowest-common-denominator outrage, blitzkreig, salutary rage, encephalitic(enkephalos-brain, itis-inflammation), bratwurst, slicked down black hair, parodic image, connoisseur, glass cases vitrine, shaman, stukas Ju87 Sturzkampfflugzeug "dive bomber", final fruition, stonehenge
4 ) 笔记：从森林到理想、信仰，从鬼魔到战争
Episode 1: Divided land
Cold, damp, mysterious
Italian historian gives the name of Germanic tribes
Compare to Italy vista, Here is Forest as the primeval environment.
Central image for art
German gothic cathedral
Branch, Million of twigs, like St. Peter, cologne
Ghouls, devils, demons
Middle age superstition
Black Death, Artists not to create beauty, but to comfort
Isenheim Altarpiece
Grunewald
Albert Durres
Solemn, sober (very German), Reproductive print, Full of emotion
Tilman Riemenschneider sculptor, using Limewood
Martin Luther: Protestantism, Reformation
Wittenberg
Bind German lands into a single nation. Reduce church rituals from 7 to 2, only keep baptism and Eucharist （圣餐）
Put faith and reason into German characteristics, Unite disparate German peoples under the banner of Faith
They, Italian, catholic
We, sober, Lutheran
German nationalism
30years war, Sweden and Spanish superpower are happy for Germany to be all small parts
Dresden, Augustus the strong, Zwinger Palace, and Green vault
Enlightenment, intellectual thoughts,
Storm and stress (Sturm und Drang)
Schiller, Goethe, Hayden
Frustrated uncertainty
Messerschmidt
Beneath public self, subconscious, all these desire and fear
Discontent and desire to change
Episode 2: Dream and Machine
Ludwig I: unite and expel the alien forces
Valhalla: hall of heroes, vision the great future German
Philosopher Herder: National glory is a great seducer
Napoleon fight in Russia, German men were sent and died. They want a strong leader
Romantic generation, turn to the land and the nature to look for strength
Technology and science
Runge
Look for answers, yearning for a new nation
Childhood is the sacred stage
Powerless, vulnerable, but full of energy, defiance
Napoleon Waterloo, happy that emptying the alien threat, be expelled
Prussia
the wanderer above sea of mist
Caspar David Friedrich
most famous German painting in the Romantic period
to capture the mysterious spirit of the German lands.
nature worship
poetic, not see in one minute, after 20 minutes, maybe you can see something.
deeply symbolic relationship with the world
it’s up to every man to find his god, in nature.
man’s insignificance in front of the vast cosmos
Baltic
he shows to the world, how beautiful this part of German can be
The Monk By the Sea: reveal his self-doubt, because his own lift experience (mother and brother died).
太喜欢他对这幅画的描述了，结合了他的身世背景、也结合了当时德国的历史背景。用诗意的语言、动情的神色讲述如何感受这样一幅画。如果不是知道他说的这些，站在这样的画面前，我肯定是无力欣赏的，通常这样的风景画在博物馆里我都是匆匆掠过的。（忽然回忆起在墨尔本的生活经历，最可贵的就是美术馆都是免费的，我经常一个人就是在那里静静地看画，看每一个细节。）
the nature is so elemental, almost be an abstraction. even similar to a painting by an American abstract expressionist like Mark Rothko.
whole world distilled into three elements,
- the blank land;
- the stretch of black, brackish sea, the Baltic
- great expanse of bruise-colored sky, empty
intensified the emptiness
to show the enlightened, romantic, Protestant devotee of Nature
the monk is finding his own personal sense of divinity, confirmation in the majesty of the natural world
a depiction of doubt
a war memorial monument
show Prussia’s determination to forge a Greater Germany
建筑师Schinkel，
No more Christian cross, but the Iron Cross
Not Gothic spiral, but Prussia bayonet(刺刀) towards the sky
weak, divided, easy target for foreign invader
谁能想象这曾是德国人的历史境况？也正是由于这样的情况，才有了普鲁士的铁骑以及之后的德意志（这三个字翻译的真是很传神，）
Friedrich Wilhelm start the frenzy of architecture, to show strength, sophistication and ambition.
Column and imperial eagle, are the symbols of Berlin’s ambition to become a new Rome.
Adolph Menzel, painted the transformation of Prussian German.
- Monarchy, when Wilhelm I became the first Kaiser of the united Germany.
- Lust of consumption
- steely military
- construction of rail track: darkest painting, like a modern inferno, a modern Germany forged in hell
Richard Wagner, “the Ring”, he wrote: this world is evil, evil, fundamental evil, it belongs to Albereich, no one else.
新天鹅堡，reclusive隐居的King Ludwig II
only with his servants and commune with art and nature
imagine still the medieval age, in his own fantacy. but the truth is he has no power, need to sign treaty with Prussia. The old Germany is really a past now.
Rapic industrialization
technology, science
The distinction between apprentice, journeyman and master is deeply built into the old German tradition of organizing work.
led the chemical science, produced more steel
Rapic industrialization takes the toll of people who create it, the workers
Kollwitz, depict the miserable life of workers. use the events from the past to explore the suffering she saw in the present.
social deprivation
but this is viewed as a sin against modern Germany.
State-approved art, statue of chancellor Otto von Bismarck
to question the modern Germany artists need to stay in the fringe of the city.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, feel lost, personal anxiety, Berlin at night
Otto Dix, horror of modern warfare
mustard gas, invention of Prussian in chemistry; modern technology did terrible things and bear to human bodies
Franz Marc, heightened form and color, idealism, reentering the Eden, horse and deer. he drew when he was fighting in 1st world war, but he was killed on horseback in the war. End of German Romantics
Episode 3: In the shadow of Hitler
Post war, Weimar Republic
broken society
Otto Dix,modern art, collage,”Skat Players”
GeorgeGrosz “Grey Day”
In Munich, Hitler was sent to jail and wrote “Mein Kampf”, blueprint for a new Germany, a devastating work of cultural criticism. He argued Modern art is a moral plague, sent by Russian communists, using Jewish art dealers
Bauhaus, idealism, utopian, Walter Gropius, Bauhaus manifesto,
Cubism bauhaus stairs painting, Nazi closed the school.
August Sander, photographer, question: wer sind die Deutschen?
concentration camp of modern art,
self pick what arts are good, can be in the Deutsch Ausstellung in Munich Kunst Haus. what are not good, have another exhibition to let people laugh at
propaganda, march-like opera, with lighting; radio; architecture
war will be forgotten, but buildings will stand. “word in stone”
Germania, capital of new Europe
architectural model of his hometown Linz, Austria
drag art into black hole, poison the idea
iron curtain, cold war
Baselitz “the big night in the bucket”
After the war, no one wants to remember anything. Artists want to dig up for you and make people remember.
Bernd and Hilla Becher, photographer, winding tower, industrial facilities, eg. blast furnace- this makes icon, and icon makes steel, steel makes bomb
Joseh Beuys, ask “how to recover from the trauma”
the story about get saved by Tatars with felt and fat,
sculptural way to say “all you need is love”
checkpoint alpha, preserved, you can walk around to feel the regime of terror
campaign against forgetting, you must meditate on this, because this must never happen again.
anything can be art, everyone is artist; many graffiti
freedom
but another side: responsiblity，Beuys, social sculpture, 7000 oak trees with a pillar of basalt tree, in the city of Kassel. the city becomes a piece of art, citizens take responsbility
5 ) 元首魔影－人类是他的材料
集中展示，正如那位敏锐的犹太作家所言：对于观众来说，这里就是集中营。
希特勒，这位被艺术学院拒绝的建筑爱好者，把有远见艺术家的热情转变成他自己的病态版本，并带入真实的政治世界。说到底，他是在用人类做材料的邪恶艺术家。
艺术家真的只是在表现理想之美，艺术可以是对邪恶的某种克制，但是，有的艺术家就是要以仇恨作为动力，在艺术的创作中求得疏解。卡拉瓦乔是个恶棍，背负命案，切里尼性格极其火爆，经常动刀杀人。
艺术绝不仅仅只是悦目之美那样简单，震撼人心的作品背后往往是超越常人的非凡体验和叛逆人生，所以才能抵抗时间，成为永恒。
艺术是对平庸的淬炼，必然惊涛骇浪，极美背后肯定掩盖着极丑或极恶。欺骗和伪装，才是艺术的本质，忽然想起德加的话，刺耳的真理。
希特勒就是在利用艺术树立自己神圣般的形象，尽管他是个对人类情感毫无兴趣的恶魔。Wissel的画作中，看似和睦健康的一家雅利安人，每个人的眼神中都蓄满着空洞的迷茫，他们避开对方的目光，沉在各种的世界里，忧郁无助。画家是否在影射希特勒所推行的生命之源计划？消灭劣等人种犹太人之时，希特勒想要制造健康又纯粹的高级种族，为此，竟然选取未婚女性与高大阳刚的青年男子进行人工配对，产下标准的婴儿之后，交由纳粹党徒抚养。
这完全就是在用对待牲畜的方式制造人类！奥利匹克运动会场上树立的希腊雕像当然甚为壮美，但背后却掩藏希特勒的险恶用心。在纳粹德国，不健康就是有罪的，可以被判处死刑。
帝国崩塌，希特勒带着他规划的帝都模型躲进地下城堡，该结束了，这场屠戮他人的，无比邪恶残忍的噩梦。为了配合这个屠夫的野心，多少人失去了生命，落入万劫不复的深渊！
6 ) 德国艺术小结
7 ) 德国艺术
1分裂的德国
圣彼得大教堂
木质基督雕像
慕尼黑古典绘画馆 罗吉尔.凡.德尔.维登或凡.艾克，巴萨罗穆神坛，圣安东尼
伊森海恩祭坛画 格吕内瓦尔德，基督升天图（基督复活） 格吕内瓦尔德，圣安东尼的诱惑 格吕内瓦尔德
26岁自画像 阿尔布雷德.丟勒，自画像 阿尔布雷德.丟勒
慕尼黑版画收藏馆 木版画
提尔曼.里门施奈德
雅科布斯教堂
玛丽茵温格滕教堂
宗教改革祭坛画 大.卢卡斯.克拉纳赫
伊苏斯之战 阿尔布雷希特.阿尔特多弗
茨温格宫 魔宫 约翰.梅尔基奥.丁菱格
维也纳观景宫 弗朗茨.梅塞施密特
2梦想和机器
瓦尔哈拉殿堂 阿尔布雷希特.杜勒
沃尔夫冈.阿马德乌斯.莫扎特 伊曼努尔.康德
汉堡美术馆 全家福 the small morning the hulsenbeck children 菲利普.奥托.龙格
the wanderer above sea of mists 新勃兰登堡 爱尔德纳修道院 吕根岛 卡帕斯.大卫.弗里德里希
在帆船上 卡帕斯.大卫.弗里德里希
德国柏林老美术馆 橡树林中的修道院 海边僧 卡帕斯.大卫.弗里德里希
威廉一世加冕 舞会晚宴 轧钢厂 阿道夫.门采尔
新天鹅堡 路德维希
凯绥.柯勒惠支
街道 夜间柏林 恩斯特.路德维希.基尔希纳
奥托.迪克斯
弗朗兹.马克
3元首魔影
斯卡特牌玩家，阴天，社会的支柱
包豪斯中心
August Sander
希特勒
英雄图 Georg Baselit
Becher and Hilla Becher
Joseph Beuys
8 ) 笔记
-森林母题：格林童话小红帽、哥特艺术
-“分裂”：战时的扭曲和人性的复兴（“你必须对此沉思”）、画魔鬼比画人更有血肉（伊森海姆祭坛屏风）、1500年杜勒的自画像像基督、基督之死成为一种新的艺术语言
-慕尼黑美术馆是希特勒要求造的
-汉堡：伦格（肺结核患者），表现孩子和大自然，战争流离+希望
-柏林：著名的费雷德利克《云海的流浪者》（——站在山上的人，与上帝沟通？征服大山？）
不安和焦虑、人极其小、
-新天鹅堡：受瓦格纳的音乐音响。路德维希二世（和李煜很像），隐居，日耳曼帝国亡国了
-二战后魏玛共和国：达达主义、新客观主义
包豪斯现代建筑、桑德的摄影（快门需要7秒，这段时间表现个性非常好）
安兹布洛克评“堕落艺术”是“给人看的集中营”
森林以及后代
安德鲁的讲述，令人着迷。
Andrew Graham-Dixon的水平惨不忍睹，肤浅主观武断＋在YY中自我陶醉。。。挺好的德国艺术和俄国艺术系列完全被这家伙毁了，BBC该另找人重拍过！
not attractive
怎么觉得解说员同学有点不靠谱啊
大叔的废话真的是超级多啊！ANYWAY我还是希望你能够多出几部艺术系列片啊！
欧洲西北角的这帮家伙，向西与岛国凯尔特人，向南与高卢凯尔特人，向东与斯拉夫人，越过阿尔卑斯山与地中海人，征战与融合，我猜如果他们只自信坚持自身特色再开几个奥丁学院估计早就灭亡了，但却没有，他们既吸收了拉丁文化，包括最基础的字母以及后来的天主教，也可以反对以及变革所引进的宗教，结果是一步步解放人性，开启自己的文明之旅。有直视战争瘟疫饥荒各种灾难的勇气，探索，吸纳，革新，保有根性的同时自由延展。想象一下，如果两千年前的人类都守着自己的地盘，现在会是什么样。写了笔记德国艺术里的森林启示录，审核中 //2022-02-14 在看。有感欧洲的历史就是每一块地方依次称霸然后逐渐形成一种你中有我我中有你相互独立又不可或缺复杂而有活力的统一
Andrew眼中德国艺术，乃雅利安人长久以来幽暗、克制的内心，及没有国家的自卑与为此激起的热望等扭曲凝结成的诡异果实。以致引发两次大战，到e3他则不停追问德人是否真正记住教训。他选择德国历史上关键时刻标志性艺术品，眼光独到，反比德人自选作品令人印象深刻。只是该作结构不合理，e3元首部分过多
1、森林文化、椴木雕刻、油画明晦不定、德勒斯登的奥古斯都流光溢彩的兹温葛宫；2、神谕与德国精神与弗里德里希、曼兹尔的社会图像、路德维希城堡/天鹅堡内部、珂勒惠支、、迪克斯（慕尼黑档案馆）、马克（自弗里德里希起的理想主义根源在马克之后就再难在德国艺术中看见了）；3、德国近郊仓库与希特勒的第三帝国、贝克曼、包豪斯与纳粹艺术摧毁、桑德的摄影、玩偶之家与希特勒建筑、“堕落艺术”展、日耳曼尼亚、巴塞利兹、本恩和希拉贝克的摄影与历史记忆、博伊斯的材料与象征寓言与治愈与责任、东德恐怖政体的遗迹、塔哈拉斯中心（空屋）、社会雕塑与自然——中古世纪的艺术精华竟然在德国，德国的艺术仿佛该隐的后代，德国绘画至始至终都是精神表现的，希特勒是唯心主义前所未有的艺术呈现，在博伊斯后德国艺术走入象征之境而社会雕塑是媒介
非常喜欢关于黑森林和哥特风的叙述。说实话我觉得艺术和美本身是无关乎道德的，当然艺术创作可能会有道德情操的寄托。在柏林的国家历史博物馆里看着日耳曼尼亚的蓝图，依旧觉得甚美甚宏伟。
★★★★
2018-08-12: 日爱奇艺真实视点上看完BBC纪录片《德国艺术》第1-3篇；
最后一集好感人。一个厚重的国家，一段厚重的历史
德国艺术先天蕴含一种内在的沉郁省思甚至带有一些阴森的自毁倾向，Caspar David Friedrich油画里那种漂泊无定的感觉是我喜欢的。
森林民族阴气森森
果然讲art不是我的菜....
暴风眼中的德国艺术发展历程，可谓半部政治史。
搞艺术史的人词汇量真是惊人
很久没看到这么糟糕的纪录片了，严重怀疑是时间资金＋门外汉的错误合体
除了对丢勒稍有好感以外对德国艺术完全无感，德意志这个民族出的哲学家音乐家是没得说，出的艺术家就多数阴沉匠气程式化了。比如一贯的受尼德兰和意大利影响的古典油画领域，大师级人物基本空白啊。唉，其实也不能怪解说大叔风格奇怪，只能怪德国艺术不够给力，没有点夸张解说这纪录片没法拍了...